Как да разширим дисково пространство докато сървъра работи ?

Ще ви покажем случай в който използваме LVM технологията за да добавим дисково пространство на наш CentOS сървър.

Това е текущият капацитет на нашият хард диск.


sblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─cl-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─cl-home 253:2 0 141.1G 0 lvm /home
sr0 11:0 1 680M 0 rom

Увеличиваме размера на диска през настройките на виртуалната машина, в случая използваме

VMware като Hypervisor.

Ресканираме контролера, за да се отрази промяната.


echo "1" > /sys/class/scsi_disk/0\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan


fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a033f

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 8455 MB, 8455716864 bytes, 16515072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-home: 151.5 GB, 151523426304 bytes, 295944192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Създаваме нов дял в схемата на диска, в случая /dev/sda3


fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a033f

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 419430400 524287999 52428800 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 8455 MB, 8455716864 bytes, 16515072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-home: 151.5 GB, 151523426304 bytes, 295944192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Нека да „кажем“ на операционната система че имаме промяна в таблицата с дяловете.

partprobe


Създаваме нов physical volume

pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.


Добавяме новосъздаденият physical volume към volume групата в която ще разширяваме логически дял.

vgextend cl /dev/sda3
Volume group "cl" successfully extended


Виждаме размера на /home дяла преди да разширим файловата система.

df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 3.2G 47G 7% /
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 492K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 577M 7.2G 8% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 225M 790M 23% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl-home 142G 82G 60G 59% /home
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000


Разширяваме логическият дял, в случаят /home дяла.

lvextend /dev/cl/home /dev/sda3
Size of logical volume cl/home changed from <141.12 GiB (36126 extents) to 191.11 GiB (48925 extents).
Logical volume cl/home successfully resized.


Разширяваме и XFS файловата система.

xfs_growfs /dev/cl/home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=9248256 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=36993024, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=18063, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 36993024 to 50099200

Накрая, виждаме резултата: имаме 50ГБ дисково пространство повече на /home дяла.

df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 3.2G 47G 7% /
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 492K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 577M 7.2G 8% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 225M 790M 23% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl-home 192G 82G 110G 43% /home
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000